I think there's absolutely a place for you in the workforce - I know quite a few people who are just like you, and all have managed to find themselves in roles they really like!
I think it's important to distinguish between being "socially quiet" (fine to talk to people for work purposes, but not as keen on socialising), and being absolutely quiet (won't even talk to colleagues about work, even when you need their help). The first is fine - not everyone wants to do that, or is comfortable with it. Still, it's no bad thing to learn a bit of small talk, as it can make interactions with colleagues a bit more pleasant and less awkward/artificial. The second one would be more concerning, and it sounds like you've recognised that you need to work on this. The way I'd look at it, you're drawing on someone else's experience to find a solution that you don't know, which can help you to do your work better.
On interviews, they can be a really tough experience. It's quite common to not get through rounds early on even if you're a really good candidate because of what they look for, screening processes etc. Keep applying on that front and eventually an opportunity will come good. Also, I'd work on interview scenario confidence, and the best way to do that is practice!
I think it's important to distinguish between being "socially quiet" (fine to talk to people for work purposes, but not as keen on socialising), and being absolutely quiet (won't even talk to colleagues about work, even when you need their help). The first is fine - not everyone wants to do that, or is comfortable with it. Still, it's no bad thing to learn a bit of small talk, as it can make interactions with colleagues a bit more pleasant and less awkward/artificial. The second one would be more concerning, and it sounds like you've recognised that you need to work on this. The way I'd look at it, you're drawing on someone else's experience to find a solution that you don't know, which can help you to do your work better.
On interviews, they can be a really tough experience. It's quite common to not get through rounds early on even if you're a really good candidate because of what they look for, screening processes etc. Keep applying on that front and eventually an opportunity will come good. Also, I'd work on interview scenario confidence, and the best way to do that is practice!