In short, it is the same thing as Autism without language delays and less severe non-verbal (right brain) impairments, but this isn't to say a person with Asperger's is anywhere near normal. It's a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, which means a person with this disorder has a brain that develops in a way that would look like swiss cheese on IQ scores. With Asperger's verbal areas will usually be low average to high and non-verbal scores can range from borderline mentally retarded to very high, but on this section a diagnosis of Asperger's
requires deficiencies.
The day I went back to my Neuropsychologist for my IQ test results I felt nothing but absolute terror about hearing the results, in fact I regretted even bring up the idea of Asperger's to my doctor. I had taken online IQ tests before and they gave me scores in the ranges of verbal: 130s and performance: mid 70s, but going in to hear the professional results scared me to death. Trust me when I say that no matter how well prepared you think you are to hear about the way your brain functions you really aren't. There was a huge IQ point difference between my verbal and performance scores and my performance scores were very spotty. A better way of stating this might be that Asperger's wouldn't fit you unless you agree you might be borderline mentally retarded in the right side of your brain.
To breakdown the DSM criteria of Asperger's as best I can...
A. Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
1. marked impairments in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
2. failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
3. a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g. by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest to other people)
4. lack of social or emotional reciprocity
Section 1 means the person pretty much uses no type of the listed body languages because of the various types of brain dysfunctions that are associated with Aspergers. My diagnosis includes the "marked impairments in the use of .... eye-to-eye gaze .... body postures ... and gestures to regulate social interaction."
This doesn't mean I'm shy and scared of making eye contact with people and have poor body language. I'll either stare at the buttons on your shirt when speaking to you, look in the opposite direction, or god forbid there should be a fan in the room, stare at it. The gestures section means I don't use hand gestures at all during interactions. As best I understand, the facial expressions selection is only used for those that use a "poker face" at all times or are almost always stuck with some emotional expression on their face.
The body posture selection has to do with either standing too close for comfort for other people or standing too far away during interactions so as to make other people walk closer and closer to them. My diagnosis includes this section as well and I used to walk backwards when people came close to me to speak, but after reading several books about body language I've mostly stopped myself from doing it. If you want a good book that has a breakdown of the body spacings that western societies use I recommend
Body Language by Allan Pease.
Section 2 pretty much means the person meets the criteria for Schizoid personality disorder on the outside view. Part of my diagnosis.
Section 3 you wouldn't meet this criteria since you posted this thread, nor would I for responding to it.
Section 4 are very strange things like a child begins to scream when they see an injured person instead instead of asking the person if they are ok. Another example would be a stranger asking the person a question and the person with AS ignoring them or responding in a completely irrelevant way.
B. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following:
1. encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
Normal interests and hobbies don't count. If you talk about it at every chance, think about it all day long, and are so engrossed in it that it causes trouble in your day to day life then it might fit this criteria. Looking at my post history you might guess that mental disorders and psychotropic medications are one of my restricted interests. This also extends to my day to day life in a way that I talk to people at work about who might have narcissistic personality disorder, who might have anti-social personality disorder, etc. Reading about psychopathology, psychology, and psychotropic medications is all I do when I'm not working, in class, or seeing my girlfriend on our
very specific schedule. It causes problems with my education because I only do what I must to pass class, but beyond that I can't say this causes me any discomfort.
2. apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
These must be very rigid, to the point that that a psychiatrist or psychologist would consider Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder for you. Under the ICD-10 a diagnosis of Autism or Asperger's rules OCPD out, but the DSM makes no mention of this. The core idea of OCPD is a pattern of preoccupation with control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.
3. stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
If you did this it would have been noticed by now and you would have been diagnosed with Asperger's or PDD-NOS if you are too old to have been diagnosed with Asperger's, as it was only added to the DSM 11 years ago.
4. persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
This is more typical of Autism than it is Asperger's. An example would be a person fascinated with spinning wheels on toy cars and doing it pretty much all day long. From what I've read on Asperger's, it doesn't happen often because the interests associated with Asperger's are more intellectual while in Autism they are more simple like this selection.
C. The disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
This means it's not a disorder to be tossed around as a temporary state. Asperger's is a developmental disorder, and thus is a lifelong problem that must show signs by age 3-4.
D. There is no clinically significant general delay in language (e.g., single words used by age 2 years, communicative phrases used by age 3 years)
This rules out Autism as a diagnosis.
E. There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or in the development of age-appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior (other than social interaction), and curiosity about the environment in childhood
Rules out Autism again.
F. Criteria are not met for another specific Pervasive Developmental Disorder or Schizophrenia
Just to make sure that nothing else fits better since Schizophrenia and various Autistic Spectrum Disorders overlap by a large amount, but the core difference is a Schizophrenic will not have the issues from age 3-4.